Singapore Pharmaceutical Industry for Healthcare- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSingapore Pharmaceutical Industry for Healthcare. Answer: The pharmaceutical industry is a part of the healthcare segment that deals with medicines. The industry consists of several subfields that carry out activities that involve production, development, and publicizing of medications. These mutually dependent subfields comprise of drug marketers, drug, and biotechnology enterprises. The key objective of the pharmaceutical industry is to offer drugs that inhibit infections, cure illnesses, and maintain well-being. The pharmaceutical industry directly influences the worlds population; therefore, several global regulatory organizations monitor things like patents, drug safety, pricing, and quality. The pharmaceutical industry highly promotes employment by providing many career and opportunities for brilliant young graduates with a comprehensive background in life sciences and many other educational disciplines and an honest motivation and interest to begin a professional career in the pharmaceutical industry (Garavan, 2012, p. 2234). The employment field includes the entire pharmaceutical sector, which not only pertains medicines or drugs, but also includes diagnostics, medical devices, nutraceuticals, radiopharmaceuticals, and much more related activity areas. The pharmaceutical employment sector also includes academic research centers, health authorities, clinical investigation sectors, and much more. The need for a highly skilled workforce is visibly existent in all the mentioned areas of the pharmaceutical industry, which offers several job openings for a wide category of academic graduates with Bachelors, Masters, or Ph.D. degrees. Some of the areas in which pharmaceutical jobs are found include roles such as; clinical manufacture and supply, pharmaceutical preparation development, regulatory activities, quality assurance, medical research, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, sales and marketing, business development, and project management. In 2013, Singapores Ministry of Trade and Industry recognized the pharmaceutical industry as one of the most important industries that will boost Singapores economic growth in many years. Recently, pharmaceutical manufacturing provided more than 85% of the entire biomedical sectors manufacturing output and more than 4.6% of the countrys GDP in many years (Dambrin Robson, 2011, p. 438). Causes of Rapid Growth in Singapores Pharmaceutical Sector Singapore has had a reputation as the leading manufacturing center for major pharmaceutical companies in Asia over several years. The countrys pharmaceutical output increased at a yearly growth rate of 15.8% from the year 2001 to 2011 and still continues to grow. Innovation is among the primary driving forces that have led to the continued progress Singapores pharmaceutical sector, leading to regular investments by reputable pharmaceutical companies and increased job opportunities (Sivakumar, et al., 2011, p. 770). Singapore has gained status to become a global leader in innovation. The Global Innovation Index of 2014 acknowledges that Singapore is the most innovative country in Asia, and ranked second in the world, after the US, according to a biotech innovation report by Scientific American. In addition, (Wong, Ho, Singh, 2010, p. 60) say that Singapore has generated a cohesive research network for the production of new medications and forthcoming therapies that can be tailored for global and regional markets. Singapore has strived to develop a strong foundation for the pharmaceutical industry, with more than thirty public research organizations in r the Ministry of Health. Additionally, the country promotes partially public institutions such a Roche, Bayer, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, and Siena Biotech as well as encouraging the growth of clinical contract research organizations According to Witty, 2011, the high middle class and aging population in Singapore has a high demand for therapeutic and non-essential treatments, because increased incidences of lifestyle illnesses thus increasing the demand for pharmaceutical medicines in Asia. As a result, Singapores pharmaceutical industry grows rapidly at a rate higher than 12% annually and is currently estimated to be worth more 168 billion US dollars. More than thirty top international pharmaceutical companies including Eli Lily, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, and Takeda have invested in Singapore and have their regional headquarters in the country. These multinationals companies have been encouraged to invest in the state because of its ability to support complex technology, good physical infrastructure, skilled human capital, efficient patent laws, property rights, RD, and manufacturing activities. Liberal legislations controlling research on human stem cells and therapeutic cloning, the Health Sciences Regulatory Authority, attractive fiscal incentives and important financing initiatives have also encouraged foreign investment (Dambrin Robson, 2011, p. 435). Challenges Facing Singapores Pharmaceutical Sector Providing value and acquiring the trust of customers is a key challenge which needs constant innovations through attracting and retaining the best talent, while also managing costs. The low-growth industry environment also causes challenges of trust and value because many years will have elapsed before a product is made available in the market after a careful combination of the new active elements (Krishna, Patra, Bhattacharya, 2012, p. 170). Given the entrepreneurial orientation and foundation pharmaceutical industries which give a lot of importance on long-term financial ability and maximizing profits, the healthcare provision duty of the government faces a challenge. For example, according to Gereffi (2017, p. 20), Singapores pharmaceutical industry has been accused of not considering mechanisms of price discrimination in selling their products to developing nations. The notion has rather been that the industry uses people in poorer countries samples in Pharmaceutical research thus not considering medical ethics (Kavitha, 2012. p. 105). According to (Schneider, Wilson Rosenbeck, 2010, p. 428), Pharmaceutical companies are facing a variety of challenging market situations, low RD productivity and a cliff in patients that has caused validation of internal RD. Singapore also encounters various challenges and faces a lack of robust and strong domestic pharmaceutical manufacturing companies, which limits its capability in using the output of its research activities. Therefore, Singapore needs to cultivate tactics that will keep these establishments in the state to enable a self-sustaining environment, where profits earned are reinvested in the country. According to Khana (2012, p.1092), there is an increasing concern about environmental matters brought by the pharmaceutical industry in Singapore. These concerns arise where pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities are likely to produce waste, including the releasing of trade effluents or poisonous industrial. Thus the manufacturer is mandated to obtain expensive licenses. Governments Role in Helping the Pharmaceutical Sector The government uses multifaceted policies to create a pharmaceutical industry that is globally competitive to both develop a domestic industry and appeal to foreign investors. The NPA set up a Chinese Proprietary Medicine Unit to oversee the regulation of Chinese proprietary medicines. This was to guarantee that Chinese proprietary medicines sold in sold in the country Singapore are of good quality, safe, have correct labels, and ensure quick removal of these medicines from the markets when necessary (Schneider, Wilson Rosenbeck, 2010, p. 430). The Good Manufacturing Practices and Licensing Unit was also established to license and inspect cosmetics and pharmaceutical manufacturers, as well as wholesalers and importers in agreement with existing global Good Manufacturing Practices standards. The Good Manufacturing Practices includes licensing medicine dealers, pharmacies, control of narcotics, and the providing the World Health organizations certification of pharmaceutical products. The Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring was also established to assemble reports on negative drug reactions for investigation and analysis with a key intention of reducing reactions caused by drugs both locally and internationally. The ministry of health also employed a skilled panel on negative drug reactions, which constitutes of specialists in the fields of pharmacy, pharmacology, forensics, and medicine to advise the pharmaceutical sector to prevent adverse reactions to drugs (Gassmann, Reepmeyer, von 2013, p. 28). Singapores government participates in the pharmaceutical industry by concentrating on high-end RD. In conjunction with tax incentives and substantial grants and tax incentives, billions of dollars are utilized to attract biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies to establish RD activities in Singapore. The most important outcome of this initiative was the establishment of Bio polis, which is billion-dollar independent biotechnology park (Sun, Sammut, Reshma, 2014, p. 3). Another main reason for the quick growth of the industry has been initiated by the governments efficiency in encouraging leading international pharmaceutical companies to invest in the country. Foreign companies that have established their activities in the state include Merck, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Aventis, Roche, and much more, which have invested millions of dollars in their operations in Singapore. The Economic Development Board (EDB) has directed government efforts to progress the pharmaceutical sector by establishing primary implementation organizations such as the Biomedical Sciences Group that focus on developing sectors that are considered as the triggers of the pharmaceutical industrys growth (Gassmann, Reepmeyer, von 2013. p.5). The government has also invested billions of dollars to support innovation and research continually Conclusion The Singapore government needs to ensure that the pharmaceutical industry observes high ethical and moral standards in their daily operations. These standards include pricing of drugs, research, and drug trials. The government should also contemplate on improving pharmaceutical research to reduce the domination of the recent pharmaceutical giants. Alternatively, the state can use public and private partnership initiatives to enable engagement in partnerships or joint ventures with pharmaceutical research and manufacturing organizations, as these will lower the prices of medicines and increase affordability.. Reference Dambrin, C. and Robson, K., 2011. Tracing performance in the pharmaceutical industry: Ambivalence, opacity and the performativity of flawed measures. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 36(7), pp.428-455. Gassmann, O., Reepmeyer, G., and von Zedtwitz, M., 2013. Leading pharmaceutical innovation: Trends and drivers for growth in the pharmaceutical industry. Springer Science Business Media. Garavan, T.N., 2012. Global talent management in science-based firms: an exploratory investigation of the pharmaceutical industry during the global downturn. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 23(12), pp.2428-2449. Gereffi, G., 2017. The pharmaceutical industry and dependency in the Third World. Princeton University Press. Kavitha, R.V., Krishna, M.V., Makam, R., and Asith, K.A., 2012. Physicochemical analysis of effluents from pharmaceutical industry and its efficiency study. Int J Eng Res Appl, 2(2), pp.103-110. Khanna, I., 2012. Drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry: productivity challenges and trends. Drug discovery today, 17(19), pp.1088-1102. Krishna, V.V., Patra, S.K. and Bhattacharya, S., 2012. Internationalization of RD and global nature of innovation: Emerging trends in India. Science, Technology, and Society, 17(2), pp.165-199. Schneider, J.L., Wilson, A. and Rosenbeck, J.M., 2010. Pharmaceutical companies and sustainability: an analysis of corporate reporting. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 17(3), pp.421-434. Sivakumar, K., Roy, S., Zhu, J. and Hanvanich, S., 2011. Global innovation generation and financial performance in business-to-business relationships: the case of cross-border alliances in the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(5), pp.757-776. Sun, G.H., Sammut, S.M. and Reshma Jagsi MD, D., 2014. Asia's ascent--global trends in biomedical RD expenditures. The New England journal of medicine, 370(1), p.3. Witty, A., 2011. New strategies for innovation in global health: a pharmaceutical industry perspective. Health Affairs, 30(1), pp.118-126. Wong, P.K., Ho, Y.P. and Singh, A., 2010. Industrial cluster development and innovation in Singapore. In From agglomeration to innovation (pp. 50-116). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

A Startling Fact about Fences Essay Topics Uncovered

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Important Topics For Research Paper

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Employee Evaluation After Probation Essay Sample

Employee Evaluation After Probation Essay SampleAn Employee Evaluation After Probation Essay is a great tool to show the employer your sincerity towards your employer and desire to be a more productive worker. It is an added confidence booster. It is a great way to express appreciation and sincere admiration for the company. The Employee Evaluation After Probation Essay (EAFE) helps to show your long-term work ethic and passion for work.When you receive your probationary period from your job, it can be a big adjustment for you to go through the appraisal process. This can be quite an ordeal especially if you are new to the company and unsure about your capabilities. One of the things you should not overlook is your written employment application. An EAFE demonstrates your commitment towards being a productive employee that will help you in the future. It shows your deep understanding of the company culture.Once you have completed an EAFE, it is very important to show your appreciatio n to the company for your service. Since it is not mandatory, it is up to you as to how you express this. There are several ways you can do so.A unique way to do so is to send a thank you letter. Such an expression shows that you are proud of being employed and you wish to see your employment go on. The EAFE can be a nice treat for your future employer. A thank you letter shows that you have respect for the company and that you want to stay with them. It is also a personal way to show your loyalty and commitment towards the company.An Employee Evaluation After Probation Essay Sample can also be sent through email. EAFE must be reviewed by a manager who can give you the proper permission for your formal written communication. Somecompanies allow such an expression for other probationary periods. If you are allowed to write an EAFE, you need to be aware of the provisions on your probation period.You can either write your EAFE on paper or electronic medium. When writing electronically, it is important to remember that you are writing for your company and not for yourself. Since it is a written communication, it must be crystal clear. You can also use certain terms or words that relate to the job that you are trying to apply for. It is good if you can include the benefits you offer to the company, which could prove helpful to the company as well.Lastly, always remember that any written communication is your personal thoughts and feelings, and not the official letter of the company. Thus, if you cannot find anything in your EAFE, you can always ask for an informal written communication as a result of this.

Professional Role of a Nurse free essay sample

A nurse is defined as a person that is trained to take care of the sick as well as those who are injured, especially in the hospital. Nursing, however, is defined as the promotion and protection of health and abilities; the prevention of illness and injuries. Having a clear understanding of the history of nursing allows other nurses to gain more of an appreciation for the important role that the profession has played in the Health Care System. (Egenes, 2007) According to the American Nurses Association, the environment that you work in plays a very large role in one’s ability to provide quality health care. The atmosphere of the facility that a nurse works in is very important because it has an impact on everything from the safety of the patient to the work that the caregiver preforms. Having an unstable environment can affect a patient’s outcome, how long they might stay, increase or decrease a chance of death, and even prevent the nurse from working to their greatest ability. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Role of a Nurse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Registered nurses work in a variety of place settings. They may work in busy intensive care units or even health clinics in small neighborhoods. Nurses can work in emergency rooms, operating rooms, oncology centers, schools, rehabilitation centers and can even perform home care. They may work with a variety of patience that range from newborns, small children, teenagers, adults and even the elderly. Some nurses even work providing health services to mental health patience and those in need of psychiatric assistance. Nurses often work in places where they perform hands-on care to patients which involves nurses having to administer medication, monitoring a patience condition, maintaining patient’s records and also communicating with other staff members as well as the patient and their family. 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Nurses have dual obligations, but their first and most important obligation is to their patient. They have to treat their patient to their greatest ability and protect their privacy and ensure their safety. By following the Code of Ethics, Nurses will be more trusted and be able to make more reliable and concrete decisions when it comes to their patients’ health. Quality health care is needed to ensure that people have health equality which means improving people life through the health care they receive. To receive quality health care, you must have healthcare providers that follow the healthcare system. In environments that offer healthcare, nurses almost always have the closest relationship with the patient. Nurses are the front-line providers; clinical leaders. They have first-hand knowledge of patients’ conditions that other health care providers may not know about. Nurses serve as educators for patients and the public for preventing illnesses and injuries. They assist with cures and provide care. Nurses also participate in rehabilitation and provide mental and even physical support for patients. A nurse’s around-the-clock presence allows doctors to provide their patients with better diagnosis as well as better treatments. The United States currently has the opportunity to transform their health care system. It is strongly believed that nurses could and can play a fundamental role in the needed transformation of the healthcare system. The nursing profession alone makes up the largest segment of the nation’s healthcare work force, with over three million registered nurses. It is believed that nurses should be required to achieve higher levels of training through an improved education system. In the future, nurses would like to be seen as being partners with physicians and other professionally that provide health care. Nurses are caregivers and they play a very essential role on the health care profession. 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buy custom Nonverbal Communication in Business essay Nonverbal communication involves the use of any part of the body to communicate with other individuals. The capacity to understand and apply nonverbal cues in a business can be utilized by businessmen to make their business more successful. Often, the nonverbal signals or communication usually exhibits the real feelings of an individual more accurately than the verbal words. Use of nonverbal cues in a business can have a strong impact on any communication within a business. For example, a sales person might fail to attract a potential customer to a product due to failure to make proper eye contact, poor body posture,inappropriate dressing style and unconvincing explanations. Nonverbal communication between an employee and a manager can significantly influence the assessment of job applicants by the manager. A manager can decide on a job candidate simply, by the way they sit in their lobby, their outfit and accessories, space usage, attentiveness, eye contact, facial expressions and even confirm that opinion when they walk across the room and shake their hand. A manager wants to observe nonverbal hints that tell you about the persons mind-set, viewpoint, interests, and approach. They speak louder than the verbal communication during the interview procedure. Another instance of non-verbal communication occurs between a customer and an employee. For instance, an employee who sells a company product without even establishing eye contact with customer does not gain the trust of that customer. The customer will tend to think that there is something that you are hiding from them. Thus, a gesture, as simple as establishing eye contact, giving a warm smile, sett ing a small conversation distance and welcoming body posture can sweep the customer off their feet. A frowning employee will scare the customer away. Finally, the tone, rate, and volume of a speaker's voice can convey different meanings, as can sounds like laughing, throat clearing, or humming. The customer wants to find you interesting to talk to, and they should also feel like you are interested in them. All these non-verbal elements, when incorporated ito communication will lead to attentiveness, hence thriving communication. Satisfied customers will come back to you, simply because the initial communication encounter between you was successful. Nonverbal communication can be useful, especially in activities like market research as it is used to determine the feelings of customers towards a product. This is because in a research, a manager can identify the real feelings of a test group by observing their nonverbal behavior like body language, facial expressions and eye contact which might contradict the verbal statements given. Nonverbal cues, especially in senior business executives determine how customers will view their business. They have to present themselves as a presentable package that includes complete information on their products and business operations, respectable mode of dressing, and adequate use of gestural behaviors that show sincerity, honesty and trustworthiness. Nonverbal communication plays a leading role of facilitating relationships within a business. Businesses have two major sectors, which are management and employees. Theresearches carried out in the past came to the conclusion that direct eye contact accompanied by a relaxed facial expression increased perception of power except in the case of coercive power. Considering that understanding of nonverbal processes can increase the success of a business success, it is important to use appropriate nonverbal cues.One of these nonverbal cues is in person communication, which provides immediate feedback allowing the business person to improve his or her approach to meet the needs of each encounter. Nonverbal communication like in person conversation usually leads to the establishment of an understanding. Having an understanding is crucial in establishing good business relations with customers and colleagues.It helps in understanding and acceptance of the other person.Some behaviors such as a smile, a relaxed open stance and maintained eye contact can help in establishing a personal relationship. First impressions can affect a business deal.Thus, a persson who exudes confidence has a better chance of creating a rapport and trust with business associates.Ability to signal confidence and trustworthiness from others is a positive aspect of knowledge of nonverbal communication. Customers usually seek to find some nonverbal gestures from a sales person who is marketing products to them. A sales person who through the nonverbal cues seems trustworthy will attract the attention of the customer unlike a sales person who seems confused and unkempt. In the same way, a customer reads the nonverbal signals of a sales person. A sales person should as well have the ability to read the customers nonverbal signals. By maintaining eye contact with the customer a sales person might be able to tell when a customer is showing real interest in a product through such things as flinching of an eye, widening of an eye, etc. Unflinching eye contact is moreover, a sign of frankness. Besides, a salesperson should also greet a customer warmly and with a firm handshake to instill confidence. A crucial link exists between nonverbal communication and success of a business, and nonverbal communication should therefore, not be ignored. Nonverbal communication can increase the persuasion powers while removing communication errors with customers. Nonverbal cues can also improve relationships between the different levels of workers, thus transforming the business environment to a more productive one.Additionally, nonverbal communication can serve in a unique manner where the business itself is used to form an opinion about its image. Benefits of knowledge of nonverbal communication in a business setting are unlimited.Therefore, a business needs to train all its employees on nonverbal communication.Such as training would complete the package that includes such things as knowledge of the business operations, employability and charisma, which are skills that are needed in a business person. In conclusion, effective communication is based on skills, which can be learnt. This means that communication skills can be improved in a business environment. Buy custom Nonverbal Communication in Business essay